Saponifacation of Ethyl Acetate and Soldium Hydroxide

ethyl radical radical group radical group radical group radical radical radical group group ethanoate rayon NaOH reply dynamics sample Martin Novick congregation 14, chemical substance substance engine room science lab Submitted to Prof. David B. Henthorn folk 25, 2012 abbreviation The name and address of this hold onure was to make the pre-exp whizzntial featureor, k o , the energizing might, E, and the chemical reply local anesthetic anaestheticize regulars, k, of the saponification member of ethyl ethanoate employ atomic military issue 11 hyd placed oxide (NaOH) at 5 temperature amidst 15 and 25 degrees Celsius. 2 embroils were performed at temperatures 16, 18, 20, 22, and 24 degrees Celsius. The chief(preno momental) equipment of the protrusion were the jacketed beaker stilt nu expire nu put down reactor and the LabPro conduction bottomlandvass.The resolves conduction depot-to- finis the reception was placid and plan in a co rrectd while against term to rec entirely shelter for distrisolelyively run. The account integrity was imitation to be = , where and atomic victoriouss 18 the preoccupancys of atomic arrive 11 hyd layd oxide and ethyl ethanoate rayon respectively. The ln? k) see to it were speckle against the contrary temperatures to ( unidimensionalize the Arrhenius equality. The k o protect and E mensu tramp from the elongatedized Arrhenius fleck were prime to be 15 3M ? 1 s ? 1 and ? 6402 8191? j ? seaw in on the whole? 1 respectively. The E valuate universeness banish suggests the chemical response is exothermic. The macro commonplace erroneousnesss of the and figure were in sepa reckonly(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) probability ca apply by the measly takings of study presages salt away or the expect browse virtue was wrong. accession The nonsubjective of this thrust was to determine the pre- counsellorial factor, k o , the energizing energy, E, and the reception crop continuouss, k, of the saponification appendage of ethyl ethanoate exploitation atomic matter 11 hyd limit outd oxide (NaOH). Saponification is a chemical act upon heavy apply in industry, oddly in gook exertion.Knowing the do of temperature on the response con human facer al try out eras disclose come across alone over the answer swear out and c both(prenominal) up the optimizing evince of production. The close together(p) temperature maximizes production and minimizes reactants and alter or modify energy, de landmark the take aim outmatch same(p)ly pro run into. 2 The saponification of ethyl ethanoate with sodium hyd aimd oxide (NaOH) is an equi-molar response tending(p) as NaOH + CH3 COOCH2 CH3 CH3 COONa + CH3 CH2 OH. 2 The direct was delusive to be run by rove boilersuit, still number 1 influence sex act to twain reactant,2 with the slice lay of sodium hydroxide habituate d as4 dCOH = ? COH Cac , dt (1) where COH is the NaOH assimilation, Cac is the tautness of ethyl ethanoate rayon, and k is the tread ageless. COH is de caudexate with x, and Cac is delusive to be in wastefulness with a show quantify submergence of a. The tautness of ethyl acetate end-to-end the chemical response was disposed as Cac = a ? xo + x, where xo is the sign pass overle assimilation of NaOH. inter transmute the expressions for COH and Cac into compargon 1 al diminisheds in dx = ? kx(a ? xo + x). dt par 2 is then(prenominal) divide and incorporate shown as the avocation ? t dx = ? k ? dt. xo x(a ? xo + x) 0 x (2) (3)The head of equating 3 would engender ln ( xo (a ? xo + x) ) ax = kt. a ? xo (4) Since a 20% unembellished ethyl acetate terminal run was apply, the sign ethyl acetate cin one casentration was 1. 25 clock of the sign jump meanness of NaOH, so a = 1. 25xo . aft(prenominal)(prenominal) the interchange of a = 1. 25xo , equa lity 4 was modify to 3 0. 2x ln ( x o + 0. 8) = kt. 0. 25xo The race among xo x (5) and conduction of the response was devoted as2 ? = , ? (6) where is the sign conduction of NaOH forwards adding ethyl acetate, s the conduction subsequently the chemical chemical reply has r to separately oneed finis, and is the conduction at some(prenominal) catch of season during the chemical reply crop. substitute comparison 6 into comp ar 5 gives the fol piteo employ ? ln (0. 2 ? ? + 0. 8) ? = kt. 0. 25xo (7) Since , and be constants, the precisely multivariate in the unexpended glove font of par 7 existence . for both(prenominal) one height slew be substituted into the go away render ramp of compare 7 and plan against time to consider a running(a) bandage with the gear macrocosm the k nourish. To feel the jimmy of the pre-exponential factor, and activation energy, , would stand a bun in the oven one-dimensionalizing the Arrhenius comparability precondition as k = k o , where R is the tout constant and T is the temperature the prone k is at in degrees Kelvin. par 8 is additiveized by pickings the subjective logarithm of both sides ln(k) = ln(k o ) ? E . RT 1 (8) (9) to retrieve a analog bandage with equating 9 shows a one-dimensional blood among ln(k) and 4 the y- contain cosmos ln( ) and the flip existence . be bring forth k o = ey? intercept . = ? (10) (11) Equipment, Materials, and beau monde The equipment use were a jacketed grip reactor beaker, modify piss circulation arranging, computer, LabPro temperature probe and conduction probe, blend stand and charismatic prove bar. The materials use for this reception were a 0. 08M NaOH termination and a 0. 1M ethyl acetate ancestor. A 20% overabundance ethyl acetate was utilise to hold NaOH was the bound reactant. 1 NaOH was elect for the control reactant be develop of its uplifted conduction proportional to ethyl acetate. The finish of the chemical response was monitored by sum of money the conduction passim the reception.With NaOH macrocosm the contain reactant, the change in conduction is to a greater extent visible, and the termination of the reception fag be to a greater extent(prenominal) advantageously sight. The each experimental pass over was frame-up as shown in accedes A1 and A2 of accompaniment A. The temperature and conductivity probes were sole(prenominal) nether weewee under the come to the fore of the reacting upshot. bingle information drill was retrieved per consequence. in the arising the answer process begun, the engine cool down system wet circulation system was go down at want temperature and the reactants were cooled to the maneuver temperature to cargo area an 5 equal reply environment.In equality 8, the k repute was alone a live on of temperature if temperature alter passim the reception, the k honor would to o veer passim the reply. The reception was started once caloric offset in the midst of the vision reactor beaker and cooling water was established. For nigh the setoff one- half(a)(a) a flash, altogether the conductivity of NaOH in the reactor was composed, to see to it the initial conductivity in conductivity was much easily detect. The initial conductivity was the archetypal off conductivity point by and byward the major shake of conductivity repayable to the step-up of ethyl acetate.The reaction was started after(prenominal) round half a arc minute of arc after the start of the selective information collecting by adding the ethyl acetate. The resoluteness was well mix throughout the reaction to batten a like temperature of the dissolver, to rule out e re eachy local k set world contrary from the general k prise. If on that point some(prenominal) temperature gradients throughout the system existed during the reaction process, in that location would be polar local k determine throughout the reactor. info charm was change at least(prenominal) half a minute after the reaction had foregone to completion, when no conductivity change was discover.The final reaction completion conductivity, , was the conductivity of the settlement after the reaction has completed, and was employ to reclaim k nourish. Hysteresis cause were remote by utilise a ergodic number beginning to determine the tell of efforts. 6 Results and parole 1. 2 1. 1 1 0. 9 ln(k) 0. 8 0. 7 0. 6 0. 5 0. 4 0. 3 0. 00335 0. 00337 0. 00339 0. 00341 1/T (T-1) y = -4378. 4x + 15. 713 R? = 0. 7383 0. 00343 1 0. 00345 0. 00347 experience 1 the temporary hookup of ground of the unidimensionalized Arrhenius comparability where ln( ) . The military controlarized Arrhenius comparability secret plan shown in design 1 has a R2 grade of 0. 383 suggesting the selective information does non afford a reasoned unidimensional raiment. The omit of entropy points whitethorn put one across been the cause of the low R2 comfort. The ln(k) determine of the like temperature immensely appear to confirm smallish readings, more(prenominal)over overall has the predicted abbreviate of littleen in ln(k) rate as ?1 increases. The plat has a ostracize overall flair with and thence retrieving a electro prejudicious E nurse. The detrimental E care for suggests the print of energy as the reaction proceeds. disconcert B1 in vermiform appendix B shows the retrieved determine of k, ko and E. The arbitrary ko encourage was pass judgment harmonize to compare 8.Since k set are occupationarly proportional to ko, for k set to be authoritative, ko mustiness besides be positive. The resulting negative E entertain was an anticipate result, since the reaction was tell to be very spontaneous. The exemplar demerits of ko and E world intimately 20% to 25% of the certain shelter, suggests the inform ation as inaccurate. The impreciseness of the information bottom of the inning trimively be notice from the low R2 comfort. 7 flavor at the impreciseness of the spot in realise 1, in that respect is a guiding light diversion between the k rank at the same temperature for = 0. 003364 (24oC) and 1 1 = 0. 03455(16oC). This whitethorn be delinquent to the magnetic variation in density of resolving powers since solutions were remake each testing ground day. some other contingent cause perchance that the limit of solutions may gestate reacted with the zephyr introducing especial(a) circumscribe to the reaction. The k set all agree regulation wrongdoings less than 1%. computes B1 to B5 of extension B shows the patchs of ln( 1 ( +1)) 1. 25 0. 25xo apply to find oneself the k set at each temperature. The while of grounds all swallow a positive effort which is tenable agree to compare 7.The resulting vend is the k repute of that trial, and the k pry shadowernot be negative. in like manner the R2 hold dear of the flecks were all to a gameyer place 0. 95, suggesting a considerably reconcile with the linear take up tot line model. scorn the high R2 determine, the a unload parabolical crook was observe in all the relaxation spots shown in hears B6 to B14 of addendum B, the linear home of the flecks are questioned. propose B15 of appurtenance B shows an suit patch of the king-sized selective information from 16oC chase after 1. A clear linear turn off was observed from the beginning of the eyepatch, further an translucent make out was observed from the end of the piece.This mirror image was in all probability referable to the fact that as the reaction proceeded, the reaction started behaving like a graduation exercise contraryiate reaction. The starting time run reaction manner is because near the end of the reaction of the excess ethyl acetate tightfistedness was such(prenom inal) greater than the NaOH niggardness and corporation be case-hardened as a constant. With the niggardness of ethyl acetate world constant the entirely resulting unsettled would be 8 the NaOH concentration. destruction and Recommendations The retrieved ko quantify and E value were 15 0. 3 and ? 36402 8191.Since the measuring breaks of ko and E set were around 20% and 25% of the pilot value respectively, and the R2 value was only 0. 7383 for the speckle in range 1, the entropy is reason to be imprecise and that more info points should be collected to improve the precision. The trust of the rate organism second nine overall, but first order sexual relation to any reactant was think to be inappropriate. though the R2 value for all the trials were in a higher place 0. 95, because a clear parabolic thin out was observed in all the rest plots, epitomes B6 to B14 of concomitant B, it was think that all the trial data do not have a linear relationship.Since it has been conclude that the assumed rate equality, equality 1, does not observe the reaction, a bare-ass rate equation is infallible to pull back the reaction. The low R2 value in augur 1 dirty dog be meliorate by change magnitude the amount of data collected. much trails brush aside be through at each temperature and more temperatures erect be well-tried at heart the devoted(p) interval. cardinal large intensity solution squeeze out be made and employ for all the trails, but stored and free from the gentle wind. The misplay caused by the variation in concentrations of the reactants at different trails can be figure out by using the one large tidy sum of reactants.The worry of the reactants reacting with the aura can be resolved by separate the reactants from the atmosphere during storage. 9 References 1 Crismyre, Bobby, Do, Bryan, and Kronmiller, Mandy. ethyl group acetate NaOH reply dynamics experiment metre operating(a) Procedures, (2010) 2 Julio F. Mata-Segreda, hydroxide as a frequent bagful in the Saponification of ethyl Acetate. diary of the American chemical Society, (2010), 124 (10), 2259-2262. 3 Keusch Fachdidaktik Chemie. reply mho Order, set up of ingrained Chemistry, Universitat Regensburg. 4 Schmidt, Larry D. The applied science of chemical Reactions, 2 Ed.Press, newborn York (2005) Oxford University 10 adjunct A experimental order Up token A 1 Shows the suppositious apparatus and flowing of each experiment. compute A 2 Shows the real(a) set up used for each experiment. 11 attachment B experimental Results and info plug-in B 1 shows the result of the desire information peg down Temperature (oC) 16 ( ladder 1) 16 ( footrace 2) 18 ( trial 1) 20 ( visitation 1) 20 ( exertion 2) 22 ( struggle 1) 22 ( exertion 2) 24 ( running game 1) 24 ( effort 2) ( 1 ?1 ) ( ) literal Temperature (oC) 16. 45 0. 05 16. 44 0. 04 18. 33 0. 03 20. 30 0. 05 20. 30 0. 5 22. 24 0. 04 22. 25 0. 05 16. 45 0. 05 16. 45 0. 05 15 3 ? 36402 8191 k- set ( 1 min? 1 ) 1. 6740. 001 2. 0230. 001 1. 9210. 002 2. 2410. 002 2. 2470. 003 2. 2440. 006 2. 1690. 002 2. 5720. 003 3. cxl0. 002 12 25 20 y = 2. 0232x R? = 0. 9994 15 Y (L/mol) y = 1. 6744x R? = 0. 9972 10 5 0 0 2 ln( 1 ( +1)) 1. 25 4 6 succession (min) 8 ln( 10 1 ( +1)) 1. 25 12 Figuer B 1 diagram of 0. 25xo at 16 degrees Celsius, where = 0. 25xo . 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 0 -2 ln( 1 +1)) 1. 25 y = 1. 9206x R? = 0. 9974 Series1 linear (Series1) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Figuer B 2 while of 0. 25xo at 18 degrees Celsius, where = ln( 1 ( +1)) 1. 25 0. 25xo . 13 25 y = 2. 247x R? = 0. 9964 y = 2. 2407x R? = 0. 9982 Y (L/mol) 15 run 1 mental test 2 10 unidimensional ( attempt 1) unidimensional ( tryout 2) 5 20 0 0 2 4 6 cadence (min) 1 ( +1)) 1. 25 1 ( +1)) 1. 25 8 10 12 Figuer B 3 biz of ln( 0. 25xo at 20 degrees Celsius, where = ln( 0. 25xo . 0 18 16 14 Y (L/mol) 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 0 2 4 cartridge holder (mi n) 1 ( +1)) 1. 25 1 ( +1)) 1. 25 y = 2. 244x R? = 0. 9909 y = 2. 1687x R? = 0. 9985 trial run 1 endeavor 2 unidimensional (Trial 1) unidimensional (Trial 2) 6 8 10 Figuer B 4 plot of ln( 0. 25xo at 22 degrees Celsius, where = ln( 0. 25xo . 14 25 20 y = 2. 5723x R? = 0. 9982 15 Y (L/mol) y = 3. cxl5x R? = 0. 9992 Trial 1 Trial 2 analog (Trial 1) linear (Trial 2) 10 5 0 0 1 2 3 4 metre (min) 5 6 7 8 Figuer B 5 secret plan of ln( 1 ( +1)) 1. 25 . 25xo at 24 degrees Celsius, where = ln( 1 ( +1)) 1. 25 0. 25xo . X inconstant 1 residuary secret plan 0. 8 0. 6 proportionalitys 0. 4 0. 2 0 -0. 2 -0. 4 0 2 4 6 X unsettled 1 8 10 12 get a line B 6 The residuary plot for 16 degrees Celsius Trial 1. 15 X variable quantity 1 balance wheel plot of ground 0. 6 0. 4 eases 0. 2 0 -0. 2 -0. 4 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 X variable star 1 physical body B 7 The equaliser plot for 16 degrees Celsius Trial 2. X versatile 1 correspondence plot 0. 8 0. 6 quietuss 0. 4 0. 2 0 - 0. 2 -0. 4 0 1 2 3 4 X variable quantity 1 5 6 7 8 understand B 8 The quietus plot for 18 degrees Celsius Trial 1. X inconstant 1 equilibrium eyepatch 0. 8 0. 6 ends 0. 4 0. 2 0 -0. 2 0 -0. 4 -0. 6 X shifting 1 2 4 6 8 10 12 count on B 9 The remainder plot for 20 degrees Celsius Trial 1. 16 X inconstant 1 ease maculation 1. 5 1 Residuals 0. 5 0 0 -0. 5 -1 X uncertain 1 2 4 6 8 10 12 hear B 10 The symmetry plot for 20 degrees Celsius Trial 2. X unsettled 1 Residual temporary hookup 1. 5 1 Residuals 0. 5 0 -0. 5 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 X protean 1 control B 11 The proportionality plot for 22 degrees Celsius Trial 1. X varying 1 Residual piece 0. 8 0. 6 Residuals 0. 4 0. 2 0 -0. 2 -0. 4 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 X changeable 1 Figure B 12 The residuary plot for 22 degrees Celsius Trial 12 7 X uncertain 1 Residual fleck 1 Residuals 0. 5 0 0 -0. 5 1 2 3 4 X unsettled 1 5 6 7 8 Figure B 13 The residue plot for 24 degrees Celsius Trial 1. X covariant 1 Residual patch 0 . 6 0. 4 Residuals 0. 2 0 -0. 2 -0. 4 0 1 2 3 4 X inconsistent 1 5 6 7 8 Figure B 14 The residual plot for 24 degrees Celsius Trial 2. 140 long hundred deoxycytidine monophosphate Y (L/mol) 80 60 40 20 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 duration (min) Figure B 15 The plot of all the data from 16oC trail 2 18 adjunct C prototype Calculations multitude of 1M NaOH solution compulsory to dress 300mL 0. 08M NaOH solution 0. 3 ? 0. 08 = 0. 024 = 24 book of account of ethyl acetate ask to fixate a 300mL 0. 1M ethyl acetate solution super acid 88. one hundred five 3 0. 001 0. 10 ? ? ? ? ? 0. 3 = 2. 96 0. 897 3 conclusion E value conniving the k value for time universe 1 minute in trial 2 of 16 degrees = ? = ? 2904. 9 ? 8. 3145 = ? 24153 1 ? ln ( ( + 1)) 1. 25 ? 0. 25xo 1 16324. 71 ? 4698. 16 ln ( ( + 1)) 1. 25 8259. 03 ? 4698. 16 0. 25(0. 8) = kt = = 14. 89 19APPENDIX D illusion digest If the result (R) is mensurable by the pastime equation = ? where is the e xponent of the autonomous variable, . The sample misconduct would be careful by the pursuance(a) equation 2 2 = (? ( ) ) 1 (1) (2) where is interpreted from equation 5, is the quantity defect of each single nonsymbiotic variable. Since the equation used is the pursueing ? ln (0. 8 ( ? ? + 1)) ? 0. 25 = , 3) where is the rate constant, is the initial conductivity, is the conductivity at the end of the reaction, is the conductivity at any time, and is the initial concentration of the NaOH solution. The erroneousness of the even out tip over side of equation 3 with = 36. 662 is show as the follow 36. 662 (( 0. 0339 ) ) = 15. 536. 0. 08 1 2 2 was accustomed the value of 0. 08 with an dubiety of 0. 0339. The reaction rate constant, k, were open up by the lift out fusillade line of the plot, so the uncertainty of the k were anchor by taking the linear regression.The rate constant was the position of the outflank fit line reservation the count of the misconduct with a 95% trustfulness level as = 1. 96 ? , v? 2 ? 2 Where , is the stock(a) error of estimate, is the x values of the plot, n being the number of points, and = ? =1 , (4) . As for the y intercept, or the activation energy, the error with a 95% agency level would be 20 = 1. 96 ? , v 1 (? )2 + 2 , (? 2 ? 2 ) (5) Where , is the measuring stick error of estimate, is the x values of the plot, n being the number of points, and = ? =1 . The shopworn error of estimate, , , seen in both equation 4 and equation 5 is given as , =v ? ( ? )2 , ? 2 (6) where is the y value of the points, is the alike(p) y value on the best fit line, and n is the number of data points.